作者:李尚
首先看一下关键点1 ,这里将内核数据映射到一个用户空间的Parcel对象中去,之后在调用目标Service的transact函数,进而调用他的onTrasanct函数 , 通过前面的分析知道,Java层Binder在注册时候,最终注册的是JavaBBinder对象,看一下它的onTrasanct函数:
virtual status_t onTransact(
uint32_t code, const Parcel& data, Parcel* reply, uint32_t flags = 0)
{
JNIEnv* env = javavm_to_jnienv(mVM);
IPCThreadState* thread_state = IPCThreadState::self();
const int strict_policy_before = thread_state->getStrictModePolicy();
thread_state->setLastTransactionBinderFlags(flags);
..
jboolean res = env->CallBooleanMethod(mObject, gBinderOffsets.mExecTransact,
code, (int32_t)&data, (int32_t)reply, flags);
..
return res != JNI_FALSE ? NO_ERROR : UNKNOWN_TRANSACTION;
}
关键代码只有一句:env->CallBooleanMethod(mObject, gBinderOffsets.mExecTransact, code, (int32_t)&data, (int32_t)reply, flags),其实就是调用Binder.java的execTransact函数,最终调用BBinder实例化类的onTransact
private boolean execTransact(int code, int dataObj, int replyObj,
int flags) {
Parcel data = Parcel.obtain(dataObj);
Parcel reply = Parcel.obtain(replyObj);
boolean res;
try {
res = onTransact(code, data, reply, flags);
} ...
reply.recycle();
data.recycle();
return res;
}}
对于AMS而bindService对应的操作如下
public boolean onTransact(int code, Parcel data, Parcel reply, int flags)
throws RemoteException {
。。
case BIND_SERVICE_TRANSACTION: {
data.enforceInterface(IActivityManager.descriptor);
IBinder b = data.readStrongBinder();
IApplicationThread app = ApplicationThreadNative.asInterface(b);
IBinder token = data.readStrongBinder();
Intent service = Intent.CREATOR.createFromParcel(data);
String resolvedType = data.readString();
b = data.readStrongBinder();
int fl = data.readInt();
int userId = data.readInt();
IServiceConnection conn = IServiceConnection.Stub.asInterface(b);
int res = bindService(app, token, service, resolvedType, conn, fl, userId);
reply.writeNoException();
reply.writeInt(res);
return true;
}
b = data.readStrongBinder()会先读取Binder对象,这里会调用本地函数nativeReadStrongBinder(mNativePtr),mNativePtr就是Native层Parcel的首地址:
public final IBinder readStrongBinder() {
return nativeReadStrongBinder(mNativePtr);
}
nativeReadStrongBinder(mNativePtr)会将本地Binder对象转化成Java层对象,其实就是将传输的InnerConnection读取出来,不过由于Binder驱动将BINDER_TYPE_BINDER转换成了BINDER_TYPE_HANDLE,对于AMS其实是实例化BinderProxy
static jobject android_os_Parcel_readStrongBinder(JNIEnv* env, jclass clazz, jint nativePtr)
{
Parcel* parcel = reinterpret_cast<Parcel*>(nativePtr);
if (parcel != NULL) {
// /parcel->readStrongBinder() 其实就会创建BpBInder、
return javaObjectForIBinder(env, parcel->readStrongBinder());
}
return NULL;
}
首先会利用Parcel.cpp的parcel->readStrongBinder(),读取binder对象,这里会根据flat_binder_object的类型,分别进行BBinder与BpBinder映射,如果是Binder实体直接将指针赋值out,如果不是,则根据handle获取或者新建BpBinder返回给out。
status_t unflatten_binder(const sp<ProcessState>& proc,
const Parcel& in, sp<IBinder>* out)
{
const flat_binder_object* flat = in.readObject(false);
if (flat) {
switch (flat->type) {
case BINDER_TYPE_BINDER:
*out = static_cast<IBinder*>(flat->cookie);
return finish_unflatten_binder(NULL, *flat, in);
case BINDER_TYPE_HANDLE:
*out = proc->getStrongProxyForHandle(flat->handle);
return finish_unflatten_binder(
static_cast<BpBinder*>(out->get()), *flat, in);
}
}
return BAD_TYPE;
}
之后会牵扯一个将native binder转换成java层Binder的操作,javaObjectForIBinder,这个函数很关键,是理解Java层BinderProxy或者BBinder实体的关键:
jobject javaObjectForIBinder(JNIEnv* env, const sp<IBinder>& val)
{
if (val == NULL) return NULL;
<!--关键点1-->
if (val->checkSubclass(&gBinderOffsets)) {
jobject object = static_cast<JavaBBinder*>(val.get())->object();
return object;
}
AutoMutex _l(mProxyLock);
<!--关键点2-->
jobject object = (jobject)val->findObject(&gBinderProxyOffsets);
if (object != NULL) {
android_atomic_dec(&gNumProxyRefs);
val->detachObject(&gBinderProxyOffsets);
env->DeleteGlobalRef(object);
}
<!--关键点3-->
object = env->NewObject(gBinderProxyOffsets.mClass, gBinderProxyOffsets.mConstructor);
if (object != NULL) {
env->SetIntField(object, gBinderProxyOffsets.mObject, (int)val.get());
val->incStrong((void*)javaObjectForIBinder);
jobject refObject = env->NewGlobalRef(
env->GetObjectField(object, gBinderProxyOffsets.mSelf));
val->attachObject(&gBinderProxyOffsets, refObject,
jnienv_to_javavm(env), proxy_cleanup);
sp<DeathRecipientList> drl = new DeathRecipientList;
drl->incStrong((void*)javaObjectForIBinder);
env->SetIntField(object, gBinderProxyOffsets.mOrgue, reinterpret_cast<jint>(drl.get()));
android_atomic_inc(&gNumProxyRefs);
incRefsCreated(env);
}
return object;
}
先看关键点1, checkSubclass默认返回false,但是JavaBBinder,该类对此函数进行了覆盖,如果是JavaBBinder,就会返回true,但入股是BpBinder,则会返回false,
bool checkSubclass(const void* subclassID) const
{
return subclassID == &gBinderOffsets;
}
再看关键点2,如果是BpBinder,则需要首先在gBinderProxyOffsets中查找,是不是已经新建了Java层代理BinderProxy对象,如果没有,则新建即可,如果新建就看是否还存在缓存有效的BinderProxy。最后看关键点3 :
env->NewObject(gBinderProxyOffsets.mClass, gBinderProxyOffsets.mConstructor)
其实就是新建BinderProxy对象,Java层的BinderProxy都是Native新建的,Java层并没有BinderProxy的新建入口,之后,再通过IServiceConnection.Stub.asInterface(b)进行转换,实例化一个IServiceConnection.Proxy代理对,该对象在Binder通信的基础上封装了业务逻辑,其实就是一些具体的操作。
public static XXXAidlInterface asInterface(android.os.IBinder obj) {
if ((obj == null)) {
return null;
}
android.os.IInterface iin = obj.queryLocalInterface(DESCRIPTOR);
if (((iin != null) && (iin instanceof XXXAidlInterface))) {
return ((XXXAidlInterface) iin);
}
return new XXXAidlInterface.Stub.Proxy(obj);
}
这里注意一点杜宇BinderProxy,obj.queryLocalInterface(DESCRIPTOR)返回为null,对于Binder实体,返回的是Binder自身,这样就能为上层区分出是生成代理还是存根自身,整体对象转换流程如下:
到这里分析了一半,Java层命令及回调Binder入口已经被传递给AMS,AMS之后需要负责启动Service,并通过回调入口为Client绑定服务,跟踪到AMS源码
public int bindService(IApplicationThread caller, IBinder token,
Intent service, String resolvedType,
IServiceConnection connection, int flags, int userId) {
...
synchronized(this) {
return mServices.bindServiceLocked(caller, token, service, resolvedType,
connection, flags, userId);
}
}
最后调用ActiveService的bindServiceLocked,这里会分三中情况,
不过这里只讨论比较经典的Service未启动, Service未启动,但是进程已经启动的情况,关键代码如下
int bindServiceLocked(IApplicationThread caller, IBinder token,
Intent service, String resolvedType,
IServiceConnection connection, int flags, int userId) {
try {
.。。
if ((flags&Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE) != 0) {
s.lastActivity = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
<!--关键点1-->
if (bringUpServiceLocked(s, service.getFlags(), false) != null) {
return 0;
}
}
<!--关键点2-->
..
requestServiceBindingLocked(s, b.intent, false);
..
}
}
关键点1其实就是启动Service,主要是通过ApplicationThread的binder通信通知App端启动Service,这个流程同Activity启动一样。关键点2是Service特有的:requestServiceBindingLocked,这个命令是告诉APP端:“在Service启动后需要向AMS发消息,之后AMS才能向其他需要绑定该Service的Client发送反馈”。
AMS端
private final boolean requestServiceBindingLocked(ServiceRecord r,
IntentBindRecord i, boolean rebind) {
if ((!i.requested || rebind) && i.apps.size() > 0) {
..
r.app.thread.scheduleBindService(r, i.intent.getIntent(), rebind);
..
} }
return true;
}
APP端
private void handleBindService(BindServiceData data) {
Service s = mServices.get(data.token);
...
if (!data.rebind) {
IBinder binder = s.onBind(data.intent);
ActivityManagerNative.getDefault().publishService(
data.token, data.intent, binder);
}
}
ActivityManagerNative.getDefault().publishService会将启动的Binder服务实体传递给AMS,上面分析过Binder实体传输,这里的原理是一样的,AMS端在传输结束后,会获得Service端服务实体的引用,这个时候,就能通过最初的InnerConnection的回调将这个服务传递给Client端。Binder实体与引用的整体流程图如下:
如果要深究Activity的bindService流程,可以按以下几步来分析
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本文来自网易实践者社区,经作者李尚授权发布。